This shift away from classical theories brought a new understanding of crime causation, leading to the development of intervention and treatment programs for offenders.Ĭomparison of Individual and Sociological Theories of Crime In contrast, positivist criminology rejects the rational choice perspective and emphasizes the role of biological, psychological, and social factors in shaping criminal behavior. Punishment is viewed as a deterrent to crime, and the focus is on the legal system's role in preventing criminal behavior. According to classical theorists, individuals choose to engage in criminal behavior based on the calculation of potential gains and losses. The primary goals of criminology include understanding the etiology of crime, developing effective strategies for crime prevention, and contributing to the improvement of the criminal justice system.Ĭomparison of Classical Criminology and Positivist CriminologyĬlassical criminology, pioneered by theorists such as Cesare Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham, emphasizes the rationality of human behavior and the concept of free will. It plays a crucial role in law enforcement and criminal justice by providing insights into the nature of crime, its causes, and how to prevent it. Get original essay Definition and Explanation of CriminologyĬriminology is the scientific study of crime, criminal behavior, and the criminal justice system.
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